Heterocyclic substituted-3-heteroarylidenyl-2-indolinone derivative

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. (In the formula, R 1  is optionally substituted heteroaryl etc.; R 2  is hydrogen etc.; R 3  and R 4  are each independently hydrogen etc., R 5  is the following group: (wherein Y is optionally substituted five membered heteroaryl etc., R 9a  is optionally substituted aryl etc., R 9b  and R 9c  are each dependently hydrogen etc., and m is the integral 0 etc.) etc.; R 6  is hydrogen etc.; and R 7  is hydrogen etc.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to novel heterocyclicsubstituted-3-heteroarylidenyl-2-indolinone derivative, or apharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which modulate the activity ofprotein kinases (“PKs”). The present invention also relates topharmaceutical composition comprising heterocyclicsubstituted-3-heteroarylidenyl-2-indolinone derivative, or apharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention alsorelates to a therapeutic or preventive agent or method for treatingdisorders related to abnormal PK activity.

BACKGROUND ART

The protein kinases represent a large family of proteins, which plays acentral role of in the regulation of wide variety of cellular processesand maintaining control over cellular function as enzymes that catalyzethe phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups on tyrosine, serine and threonineresidues of protein. A partial, non-limiting, list of these kinasesinclude: receptor tyrosine kinases such as platelet-derived growthfactor receptor kinase (PDGFR), insulin-like growth factor receptor(IGFR), the nerve growth factor receptor, TrkB, Met, and the fibroblastgrowth factor receptor, FGFR-3; non-receptor tyrosine kinase such as Abland the function kinase Bcr-Abl, Lck, Csk, Fes, Bmx, and Src; andserine/threonint kinases such as B-Raf, C-Raf, Sgk, MAP kinases (e.g.,MKK4, MKK6, etc.) and SAPK2a, SAPK2b and SAPK3. The consequences ofphosphorylation with PKs are staggering; cell growth, differentiationand proliferation. Furthermore, aberrant kinase activity has beenobserved in many disease states including benign and malignantproliferative disorders, as well as diseases resulting frominappropriate activation of the immune and nerve systems. In view of theapparent link between PK-related cellular activities and wide variety ofhuman disorders, a great deal of effort is being expended in an attemptto identify ways to modulate PK activity.

Some of this effort has involved biomimetic approaches using largemolecules patterned on those involved in the actual cellular processes(mutant ligands (Patent Document 1); soluble receptors and antibodies(Patent Document 2) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Patent Document 3.).

In addition to the above, attempts have been made to identify smallmolecules which act as PK inhibitors, For example, bis-monocyclic,bicyclic and heterocyclic aryl compounds (Patent Document 4), vinyleneazaindole derivatives (Patent Document 5) have been described astyrosine kinase inhibitors. However these compounds have limited utilitybecause of toxicity, poor bioavailability, or less potency.

On the other hand, some of indolinone derivatides are reported as PKinhibitors (Patent Document 6). Especially, 4-phenyl- or 4-pyridylindolinone derivatives (Patent Document 7), and5-(thiazol-4-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives (Patent Document 8) arereported.

However these prior arts do not disclose derivatives with otherfive-membered heteroaryl groups or heteroalicyclic group at 5^(th),6^(th), or 7^(th) position on indolinone and indolin.

[Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,849

[Patent Document 2] WO94/10202 pamphlet

[Patent Document 3] WO92/21660 pamphlet

[Patent Document 4] WO92/20642 pamphlet

[Patent Document 5] WO94/14808 pamphlet

[Patent Document 6] U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,783

[Patent Document 7] WO02/02551 pamphlet

[Patent Document 8] WO2009/033033 pamphlet

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

Recently, a pharmaceutically satisfiable compound inhibiting CSCPKs hasbeen desired as an agent for treating diseases including cancer etc.

According to the extensive studies for solving the problem, theinventors have found the following heterocyclicsubstituted-3-heteroarylidenyl-2-indolinone derivatives structurallycharacterized by specific group substituted the five-membered heteroarylgroups or heteroalicyclic group at 5^(th), 6^(th), or 7^(th) position onindolinone have potent CSCPKs inhibitory activity.

The inventors have also found that the derivatives have suitableproperties essential for a medicament, including solubility, membranepermeability, metabolic stability, bioavailability, safety for heart(such as hERG), as well as CSCPKs inhibitory activity, and achieved thepresent invention.

Means of Solving the Problems

Specifically, the present invention is as follows.

Item1. A compound of formula 1:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁ is optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heteroalicyclic;R₂ is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, or optionallysubstituted aminocarbonyl;R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro,hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl,optionally substituted alkyl carbonyl, optionally substitutedaminocarbonyl, or the following group:

(whereinX is optionally substituted five membered heteroaryl or optionallysubstituted heteroalicyclic,R_(8a) is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, or optionally substituted heteroalicyclic,R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen,cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, optionally substitutedaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic, andn is the integral 0 to 2),R₅ is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino,optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, or the followinggroup:

(whereinY is optionally substituted five membered heteroaryl(provided that thefive membered heteroaryl is not the following group:

wherein R_(9a) is same as the above definition),R_(9a) is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, or optionally substituted heteroalicyclic,R_(9b) and R_(9c) are each dependently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, cyano,amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, andm is the integral 0 to 2), andat least one of R₃, R₄ and R₅ is the following group:

(X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c) and n are same as the above definition), orthe following group:

(Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c) and m are same as the above definition);R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, amino, optionallysubstituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substitutedamino, optionally substituted alkoxy carbonyl, optionally substitutedalkyl carbonyl, or optionally substituted aminocarbonyl; andR₇ is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substitutedcycloalkyl.

Item2. The compound according to Item 1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₁ is optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from the groupconsisting of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine,pyridazine, indole, and pyrrolopyridinone, and heteroalicyclic isselected from the group consisting of pyridone, pyrrolidine, andpiperidine.

Item3. The compound according to Item 2, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₁ is optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic, wherein heteroaryl is pyrrole, or pyrrolopyridinone,and heteroalicyclic is pyridone.

Item4. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-3, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

the substituent of optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionallysubstituted heteroalicyclic in R₁ is one or more substituent(s) selectedfrom the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, optionally substitutedalkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, or optionallysubstituted aminocarbonyl.

Item5. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-4, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₁ is one of the group selected from the following group:

(wherein R₁₀ is hydroxyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino).

Item6. The compound according to Item 5, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₁₀ is hydroxy, mono-substituted alkyl amino (said alkyl is substitutedby di-substituted alkyl amino, or heteroalicyclic), piperazynyl,homopiperazynyl, or morphorinyl.

Item7. The compound according to Item 6, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₁₀ is hydroxy, ethyl amino (said ethyl is substituted by di-ethylamino, 1-pyrrolidino), or 4-piperazinyl (said piperazinyl is substitutedwith alkyl).

Item8. The compound according to Item 7, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₁₀ is hydroxy, 2-(di-ethyl amino)ethyl amino, 2-pyrrolidino ethylamino, 4-methyl piperazinyl, or morpholino.

Item9. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-8, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₂ is hydrogen, or optionally substituted alkoxy carbonyl.

Item10. The compound according to Item 9, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof,

R₂ is hydrogen.

Item11. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, orpharmaceutically salt thereof,

R₃ and R₄ are each independently

1: hydrogen,

2: halogen,

3: cyano,

4: nitro,

5: hydroxy,

6: alkyl.

7: alkoxy,

8: amino,

9: alkylcarbonyl,

10: alkoxycarbonyl,

11: aminocarbonyl, and

12: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl are optionally substituted with one ormore substitutent(s) selected from the group consisting of

(a) alkyl,

(b) alkenyl,

(c) alkynyl,

(d) hydroxy,

(e) amino,

(f) nitro,

(g) cyano,

(h) halogen,

(i) alkoxy,

(j) alkylcarbonyl,

(k) alkoxycarbonyl,

(l) aminocarbonyl,

(m) aryl,

(n) heteroaryl,

(o) cycloalkyl, and

(p) heteroalicyclic).

Item12. The compound according to Item 11, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

R₃ and R₄ are each independently

1: hydrogen,

2: halogen,

3: alkyl(said alkyl is optionally substituted with one or moresunstituent(s) selected from the group consisting of

(a) alkyl,(b) alkenyl,(c) alkynyl,(d) hydroxy,(e) amino,(f) nitro,(g) cyano,(h) halogen,(i) alkoxy,(j) alkylcarbonyl,(k) alkoxycarbonyl,(l) aminocarbonyl,(m) aryl,(n) heteroaryl,(o) cycloalkyl, and(p) heteroalicyclic)

4: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition).

Item13. The compound according to Item 12, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, or the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition).

Item14. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-13, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

X is pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole,thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyrrolidine,piperidine, azepane, tetrahydrofuran, oxane, or oxepane.

Item15. The compound according to Item 14, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

X is pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole,thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole.

Item16. The compound according to Item 15, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

X is thiophene, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole.

Item17. The compound according to Item 16, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

X is pyrazole, thiazole, or oxazole.

Item18. The compound according to Item 14, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

X is piperidine.

Item19. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-18, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R_(8a), R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl,halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, orpyridyl.

Item20. The compound according to Item 19, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

R_(8a), R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each dependently hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl,or pyridyl.

Item21. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-20, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

n is the integra 0.

Item22. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

X is selected from the group consisting of the following group:

R_(8a) is piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl (said piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl,thiophenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl areoptionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro,alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl), andR_(8b) is alkyl.

Item23. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

X is selected from the group consisting of the following group:

andR_(8a) is 4-piperazinyl (said piperidinyl is substituted with alkyl oralkylcarbonyl), 4-tetrahydropyranyl, phenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, or pyridiyl (said phenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, or pyridyl are optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl).

Item24. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen.

Item25. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-24, orpharmaceutically salt thereof,

R₅ is

1: hydrogen,

2: halogen,

3: cyano,

4: nitro,

5: hydroxy,

6: alkyl,

7: alkoxy,

8: amino,

9: alkylcarbonyl,

10: alkoxycarbonyl,

11: aminocarbonyl, and

12: the following group:

(wherein Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the abovedefinition), wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl are optionally substituted with one ormore substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of

(a) alkyl,

(b) alkenyl,

(c) alkynyl,

(d) hydroxy,

(e) amino,

(f) nitro,

(g) cyano,

(h) halogen,

(i) alkoxy,

(j) alkylcarbonyl,

(k) alkoxycarbonyl,

(l) aminocarbonyl,

(m) aryl,

(n) heteroaryl,

(o) cycloalkyl, and

(p) heteroalicyclic).

Item26. The compound according to Item 25, or pharmaceutically saltthereof,

R₅ is hydrogen, or the following group:

(wherein Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the abovedefinition).

Item27. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-26, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

Y is pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole,thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyrrolidine,piperidine, azepane, tetrahydrofuran, oxane, or oxepane.

Item28. The compound according to Item 27, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

Y is pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole,thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole.

Item29. The compound according to Item 28, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

Y is furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole,thiadiazole, oxadiazole,

Item30. The compound according to Item 27, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

Y is piperidine.

Item31. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-30, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R_(9a) is piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, or pyridyl(saidpheny and pyridyl are optionally substituted with hydroxy, amino, nitro,cyano, alkyl, alkoxyl, trifluoromethyl, and halogen).

Item32. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-31, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R_(9b) and R_(9c) are each dependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halogen,cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl.

Item33. The compound according to Item 32, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,

R_(9b) is each dependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halogen, cyano,amino, nitro, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl.

Item34. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-33, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

m is the integra 0.

Item35. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-24, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of the following group:

R_(9a) is piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl (said piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl,thiophenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl areoptionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro,alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl), andR_(9b) is alkyl.

Item36. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-24, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of the following group:

andR_(9a) is 4-piperazinyl (said piperidinyl is substituted with alkyl, oralkylcarbonyl), pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridiyl (saidphenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl are optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl).

Item37. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-35, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substitutedamino, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, or optionally substituted aminocarbonyl.

Item38. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-36, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₇ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl.

Item39. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, 19-21, 36 or 37,or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₃ is the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition),R₄ is hydrogen, and R₅ is hydrogen.

Item40. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, 19-21, 36 or 37,or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₃ is hydrogen,R₄ is the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), andR₅ is hydrogen.

Item41. The compound according to anyone of Items 1-10, 31-34, 36 or 37,or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R₃ is hydrogen,R₄ is hydrogen, andR₅ is the following group:

(Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the above definition).

Item42. The compound according to Item1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein a compound of formula (1) is compounds of thefollowing formulae:

(wherein R₇, Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), m, and R₁₀ are same as the abovedefinition).

Item43. The compound according to Item1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein a compound of formula (1) is compounds of thefollowing formulae:

(wherein R₇, R_(9a), and R₁₀ are same as the above definition).

Item44. The compound according to Item1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein a compound of formula (1) is compounds of thefollowing formulae:

(wherein R₇, X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), n, and R₁₀ are same as the abovedefinition).

Item45. The compound according to Item1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein a compound of formula (1) is compounds of thefollowing formulae:

(wherein R₇, X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), n, and R₁₀ are same as the abovedefinition).

Item46. The compound according to Item1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, selected from the group consisting of:

Item47. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound anyone ofItems 1-46, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Item48. The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 47, fortreating cancer in a mammal, comprising to the mammal in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of said pharmaceutical composition.

Item49. The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 48, wherein thecancer is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, bladdercancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer,breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pancreatic cancer,thyroid cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, gastrointestinalstromal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma,astrocytoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acutemyelogenous leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and glioblastoma.

Item50. A method for treating cancer in a mammal, comprisingadministering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of the active ingredient the compound of any one of Items 1-46,or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Item51. A method for treating cancer in a mammal according to Item 50,wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer,bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostatecancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, glioma, colorectalcancer, non-small cell lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pancreaticcancer, thyroid cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, gastrointestinalstromal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma,astrocytoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acutemyelogenous leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and glioblastoma.

Effect of the Invention

A compound of formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofis useful a CSCPKs inhibitor to inhibit, reduce or diminish cancer stemcell survival and/or proliferation in a mammal. A compound of formula(1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is also useful ananti cancer agent.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

The present invention is described in more detail below. The term“group” as used in the specification refers to a monovalent group. Forexample, the term “alkyl group” refers to a monovalent saturatedhydrocarbon group. Moreover, the term “group” is sometimes omitted inthe explanation of substituents in the specification.

The number of substituents in groups defined by the phrase “optionallysubstituted” or “substituted” is not particularly limited as long as thesubstituents are replaceable, and the number is one or more than one.Moreover, unless otherwise particularly specified, the explanation ofeach group is also applicable when the groups are part or substituentsof other groups. Furthermore, in the specification, groups that are notmodified by the phrase “optionally substituted” or “substituted” referto “unsubstituted” groups.

The term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched chain alkane(hydrocarbon) radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The example of“alkyl” groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,t-butyl, isobutyl pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4, 4-dimethylpentyl,octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and thelike. “Optionally substituted alkyl” refers to an alkyl group optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 4substituents, at any available point of attachment.

The substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing groups:

hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy,thioxo, sulfoxide, alkoxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyloptionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino, alkylcarbonyl optionallysubstituted amino, or aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxylor amino.

Preferable substituents are selected from the group consisting of alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heteroalicyclic.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbonradical containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least onecarbon-carbon double bond. The such groups include, for example, ethenylor allyl.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbonradical containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon tocarbon triple bond. Examples of such group include, for example,ethinyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a fully saturated cyclic hydrocarbongroup containing from 1 to 4 rings and 3 to 8 carbons per ring. Examplesof such group include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl.

“Optionally substituted cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl groupsubstituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 4substituents, at any available point of attachment. The examples ofsubstituent in optionally substituted cycloalkyl include, but are notlimited to, nitro, cyano, or alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyor alkoxy.

The “alkyl” moiety of “alkoxy” has the same meaning as defined in the“alkyl”.

Preferable one is a straight or branched chain alkoxy radical containingfrom 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, morepreferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of “alkoxy” include methoxy,ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, ortert-butoxy.

“Optionally substituted alkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 4substituents, at any available point of attachment.

The substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing groups:

hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy,thioxo, sulfoxide, alkoxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyloptionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino, alkylcarbonyl optionallysubstituted amino, or aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxylor amino.

Preferable substituents are selected form the groups consisting ofalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heteroalicyclic

The term “aryl” refers to cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon groups that have1 to 5 aromatic rings, especially monocyclic or bicyclic groups such asphenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl.

Where containing two or more aromatic rings (bicyclic, etc), thearomatic rings of the aryl group may be joined at a single point (e.g.,biphenyl), or fused (e.g., naphthyl, phenanthrenyl and the like).

“Optionally substituted aryl” refers to an aryl group substituted by oneor more substituents, preferably 1 to 3 substituents, at any point ofattachment.

Examples of substituent include, but are not limited to, halogen,hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, optionally substituted with alkyl,optionally substituted with alkenyl, optionally substituted withalkynyl, optionally substituted with alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl.

Preferable substituents are selected from the groups consisting ofhydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to 5 to 12-membered mono- or poly-cyclicaromatic group, and comprises the same or different and one or more(e.g., 1 to 4) heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atom, sulfur atom oroxygen atom. A preferable “polycyclic heteroaryl” is bi- or tri-cyclicgroup, more preferably bicyclic group. The polycyclic heteroarylincludes a condensed ring of the above monocyclic heteroaryl with anaromatic ring (including benzene, pyridine) or a non-aromatic ring(including cyclohexyl). The term “five membered heteroaryl” refers to5-membered mono-cyclic aromatic group, and comprises the same ordifferent and one or more (e.g., 1 to 4) heteroatoms selected fromnitrogen atom, sulfur atom or oxygen atom.

Concrete examples of the “heteroaryl” include, but not limited to,pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole,thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyrrolidine,piperidine, azepane, tetrahydrofuran, oxane, or oxepane.

“Optionally substituted heteroaryl” and “optionally substituted fivemembered heteroaryl” refer to an heteroaryl group substituted by one ormore substituents, preferably 1 to 3 substituents, at any point ofattachment, more preferably 1 or 2.

Examples of substituent include, but are not limited to, halogen,hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, optionally substituted with alkyl,optionally substituted with alkenyl, optionally substituted withalkynyl, optionally substituted with alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl.

Preferable substituents are selected from the groups consisting ofhydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl.

The term “heteroalicyclic” refers to fully saturated, or partially orfully unsaturated, including aromatic (i.e., “heteroaryl”) cyclic groups(for example, 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or8 to 16 membered tricyclic ring systems) which have at least oneheteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring. Each ring of theheterocyclic group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3, or 4heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfuratoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally beoxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized.(The term “heteroarylium” refers to a heteroaryl group bearing aquaternary nitrogen atom and thus a positive charge.) The heterocyclicgroup may be attached to the remainder of the molecule at any heteroatomor carbon atom of the ring or ring system.

Examples of monocyclic heteroalicyclic group include azetidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl,imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl,isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl,piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl,2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, hexahydrodiazepinyl,4-piperidonyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl,triazolyl, tetrazolyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,thiomorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiomorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane ortetrahydro-1,1-dioxothienyl.

Examples of bicyclic heteroalicyclic group include indolyl, isoindolyl,benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothienyl,benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl, quinuclidinyl,quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl,benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, benzofurazanyl, chromonyl,coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl,pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl,furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl] or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl,dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl),triazinylazepinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. Exemplary tricyclicheterocyclic groups include carbazolyl, benzidolyl, phenanthrolinyl,acridinyl, phenantliridinyl, or xanthenyl.

“Optionally substituted heteroalicyclic” refers to heteroalicyclicgroups substituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 4substituents, at any available point of attachment.

Examples of substituent include, but are not limited to, halogen,hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, optionally substituted with alkyl,optionally substituted with alkenyl, optionally substituted withalkynyl, optionally substituted with alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl.

Preferable substituents are selected from the groups consisting ofhydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and amino carbonyl.

The terms “halogen” or “halo” refer to chlorine, bromine, fluorine oriodine.

The “alkoxycarbonyl” is a group wherein the “alkoxy” binds to carbonyl.

Preferable “alkoxycarbonyl” is the group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Specifically, it includes methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,propoxycarbonyl, 2-propoxycarbonyl, or tert-butoxycarbonyl.

“Optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl” refers to an alkoxy groupoptionally substituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 2substituents, at any available point of attachment.

The substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing groups:

hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy,thioxo, sulfoxide, alkoxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyloptionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino, alkylcarbonyl optionallysubstituted amino, or aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxylor amino.

Preferable substituents are selected form the groups consisting ofalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heteroalicyclic

The “alkylcarbonyl” means a group wherein the “alkyl” binds to carbonyl.

Preferable “alkylcarbonyl” is the group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Specifically, it includes acetyl, propionyl or butyryl.

“Optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl” refers to an alkoxy groupoptionally substituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1 to 2substituents, at any available point of attachment.

The substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing groups:

hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy,thioxo, sulfoxide, alkoxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyloptionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino, alkylcarbonyl optionallysubstituted amino, or aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxylor amino.

Preferable substituents are selected from the groups consisting ofalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heteroalicyclic

The substituent of “optionally substituted amino” refers to an aminogroup optionally substituted with one or more substituents, preferably 1or 2 substituent(s), at any available point of attachment.

The substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more of thefollowing groups:

halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl,alkynyl, heteroalicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, thioxo, sulfoxide,alkoxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl optionally substitutedwith hydroxyl or amino, alkylcarbonyl optionally substituted amino, oraminocarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino.

Preferable substituents are selected form the groups consisting ofalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkoxy,alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heteroalicyclic.

The “optionally substituted amino” in the “optionally substitutedaminocarbonyl” has the same meaning as defined in the “optionallysubstituted amino”.

A preferable embodiment in the present invention is explained in moredetail.

R₁ is preferably optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionallysubstituted heteroalicyclic,

wherein the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyrrole,furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, indole,and pyrrolopyridinone, and

heteroalicyclic is selected from the group consisting of pyridone,pyrrolidine, and piperidine, more preferably,

optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic,

wherein heteroaryl is pyrrole, or pyrrolopyridinone, and

heteroalicyclic is pyridine.

R₁ is more preferably one of the group selected from the followinggroup:

(wherein R₁₀ is same as the above definition).

R₁₀ is preferably hydroxy, mono-substituted alkyl amino (said alkyl issubstituted by di-substituted alkyl amino, or heteroalicyclic),piperazynyl, homopiperazynyl or morphorinyl, more preferably,

hydroxy, ethyl amino (said ethyl is substituted by di-ethyl amino,1-pyrrolidino), or 4-piperazinyl (said piperazinyl is substituted withalkyl), more preferably,

hydroxy, 2-(di-ethyl amino)ethyl amino, 2-pyrrolidino ethyl amino,4-methyl piperazinyl or morpholino.

R₂ is preferably hydrogen, or optionally substituted alkyl, morepreferably, hydrogen.

R₃, and R₄ are preferably each independently

1: hydrogen, 2: halogen, 3: cyano, 4: nitro, 5: hydroxy, 6: alkyl. 7:alkoxy, 8: amino, 9: alkylcarbonyl, 10: alkoxycarbonyl, 11:aminocarbonyl, and 12: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition),wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, andaminocarbonyl are optionally substituted with one or moresubstitutent(s) selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl, (b)alkenyl, (c) alkynyl, (d) hydroxy, (e) amino, (f) nitro, (g) cyano, (h)halogen, (i) alkoxy, (j) alkylcarbonyl, (k) alkoxycarbonyl, (l)aminocarbonyl, (m) aryl, (n) heteroaryl, (o) cycloalkyl, and (p)heteroalicyclic),

more preferably, R₃, and R₄ are each independently 1: hydrogen, 2:halogen, 3: alkyl(said alkyl is optionally substituted with one or moresubstituent(s) selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl, (b)alkenyl, (c) alkynyl, (d) hydroxy, (e) amino, (f) nitro, (g) cyano, (h)halogen, (i) alkoxy, (j) alkylcarbonyl, (k) alkoxycarbonyl, (l)aminocarbonyl, (m) aryl, (n) heteroaryl, (l) cycloalkyl, and (o)heteroalicyclic), or 4: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), more preferably, R₃, and R₄ are each independentlyhydrogen, or the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition).

X is preferably thiophene, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, oroxadiazole,

more preferably, X is pyrazole, thiazole, or oxazole.

X is preferably piperidine.

R_(8a), R_(8b) and R_(8c) are preferably each independently hydrogen,alkyl, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, phenyl,or pyridyl,

more preferably, R_(8a), R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each dependentlyhydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, or pyridyl.

n is preferably the integra 0.

In case that X is selected from the group consisting of the followinggroup:

R_(8a) is preferably piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl,pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl (said piperidinyl,pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, orpyridyl are optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino,nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl),and

R_(8b) is preferably alkyl.

In case that X is selected from the group consisting of the followinggroup:

and

R_(8a) is preferably 4-piperazinyl (said piperidinyl is substituted withalkyl or alkylcarbonyl), 4-tetrahydropyranyl, phenyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridiyl (said phenyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl are optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl).

In a compound of formula (1), R₅ is 1: hydrogen, 2: halogen, 3: cyano,4: nitro, 5: hydroxy, 6: alkyl, 7: alkoxy, 8: amino, 9: alkylcarbonyl,10: alkoxycarbonyl, 11: aminocarbonyl, and 12: the following group:

(wherein Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the abovedefinition),

wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, andaminocarbonyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituent(s)selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl, (b) alkenyl, (c)alkynyl, (d) hydroxy, (e) amino, (f) nitro, (g) cyano, (h) halogen, (i)alkoxy, (j) alkylcarbonyl, (k) alkoxycarbonyl, (l) aminocarbonyl, (m)aryl, (n) heteroaryl, (l) cycloalkyl, and (o) heteroalicyclic, morepreferably,

R₅ is hydrogen, or the following group:

(wherein Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the abovedefinition).Y is preferably pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole,isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole,

more preferably, Y is furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole,thiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole.

Y is preferably piperidine.

R_(9a) is preferably phenyl or pyridyl(said pheny and pyridyl areoptionally substituted with hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, alkyl,alkoxyl, trifluoromethyl, and halogen.

R_(9b) and R_(9c) are preferably each dependently hydrogen, methyl,ethyl, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl.

R_(9b) is preferably each dependently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halogen,cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl.

m is preferably the integra 0.

In case that R₅ is selected from the group consisting of the followinggroup:

R_(9a) is preferably piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl,pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or pyridyl (said piperidinyl,pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, orpyridyl are optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino,nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl),and

R_(9b) is preferably alkyl.

In case that Y is selected from the group consisting of the followinggroup:

and

R_(9a) is 4-piperazinyl (said piperidinyl is substituted with alkyl oralkylcarbonyl), 4-tetrahydropyranyl, phenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, or pyridiyl (said phenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, or pyridyl are optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl).

R₆ is preferably hydrogen halogen cyano, or optionally substitutedalkyl,

more preferably, R₆ is hydrogen.

R₇ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl,

more preferably, R₇ is hydrogen.

Preferable compound in the present invention is the compound selectedthe group consisting of the following:

In case of compound of formula (1), preferably,

R₃ and R₄ are each hydrogen, and

R₅ is the following group:

(wherein Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c), and m are same as the abovedefinition); or

R₃ is the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), and

R₄ and R₅ are each hydrogen; or

R₃ is hydrogen,

R₄ is the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), and

R₅ is hydrogen,

A compound of formula (1) is preferably compounds explained in thefollowing (1) to (4). Each definition in these compounds is the same asdefined above. A preferable embodiment of the definition is also thesame as defined above.

(1) A compound of the following formula (1-a), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(2) A compound of the following formula (1-b), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(3) A compound of the following formula (1-c), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(4) A compound of the following formula (1-d), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(5) A compound of the following formula (1-e), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(6) A compound of the following formula (1-f), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(7) A compound of the following formula (1-g), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

(8) A compound of the following formula (1-h), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

Preparation methods for a compound of formula (1) are explained. Acompound formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof isillustrated, but the present invention is not intended to be limitedthereto.

In the following method, the starting materials and the intermediates ofthe reaction may be isolated and purified if desired using conventionaltechniques, including but not limited to filtration, distillation,crystallization, chromatography and the like.

The materials of invention can be characterized by using conventionalmeans including but not limited to physical constants and spectral data.The reactions are performed in solvents appropriate to the reagents andmaterials employed and are suitable for transformations being effected.The representative examples include, but are not limited to,tetrahyrdofuran, dimethylforamide, methanol, ethanol, water,dimethylforamide, chloroform, dichloromethane, hexane, toluene,1,4-dioxane or ethyl acetate.

Unless specified, the reactions described herein were performed atatmospheric pressure over a temperature range from about −78° C. toabout 150° C.

For heating, any methods can be used which depends on reagent and targetmaterial. The representative examples include, but are not limited to,water bath, oil bath, water bath, or microwave reactor.

The compound of formula (1) in the present invention may be preparedfrom known compounds by optionally combining the method of the followingPreparation methods I to II, similar methods to the followingPreparation methods, or synthetic known to a skilled person.

Preparation of Method

A compound of formula (1) may be synthesized by the following method.

[In the scheme, R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are as defined in theabove item 1. A is optionally substituted heteroaryl group in R₃, R₄ andR₅ in the above item 1. X is metal containing group such as boronicacid, boronic acid pinacol ester, trifluoro boran, organic tin, zinchalide, magnesium halide, organic silicon, and organic lithium. Y isleaving group such as Cl, Br, I, and OTf.]

Preparation of Method I

A compound of formula (1) may be synthesized by the following method.

Among a compound of formula (1), Compound 1-3 or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof is prepared by the following method.

[In the scheme, R₁, R₂, and R₇ are as defined in the above item 1. A isoptionally substituted heteroaryl group in R₃, R₄ and R₅ in the aboveitem 1. X is metal containing group such as boronic acid, boronic acidpinacol ester, trifluoro boran, organic tin, zinc halide, magnesiumhalide, organic silicon, and organic lithium. Y is leaving group such asCl, Br, I, and OTf.]

A compound of formula 1-1 can react with a compound of formula 1-2 inthe presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited totetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II), orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate (representative examples include, but are not limited topotassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.) or otheralkali metal salt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dodiumethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassiumtert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate.)and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formula1-3.

Preparation Method II

A compound I-1 may be prepared from a compound II-2.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula II-1 can react with a compound of formula II-2 inthe presence of a base (representative examples include, but are notlimited to pyrrolidine and piperidine) or an acid (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to hydrochloric acid, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid), and appropriate solvent or without solvent togive a compound of formula I-1.

Preparation Method III

A compound I-3 may be prepared from a compound III-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula III-1 can react with a compound of formula III-2in the presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II), orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate (representative examples include, but are not limited to,potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.) or otheralkali metal salt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dodiumethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassiumtert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate.),and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formula1-3.

Preparation Method IV

A compound III-1 may be prepared from a compound IV-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula IV-1 can react with a compound of formula II-2 inthe presence of a base (representative examples include, but are notlimited to pyrrolidine and piperidine) or an acid (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to hydrochloric acid, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid), and appropriate solvent or without solvent togive a compound of formula III-1.

Preparation Method V

A compound of formula III-1 may be prepared from a compound I-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula I-1 can react with a compound of boron reagent(representative examples include, but are not limited to,bis(pinacolato)diboron, bis(neopentyl Glycolato)diboron, orbis(catecholato)diboron.) in the presence of transition metal catalyst(representative examples include, but are not limited to,dichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium,[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride, orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate or alkali metal acetate (representative examples include, butare not limited to, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesiumcarbonate, or potassium acetate.), and appropriate solvent or withoutsolvent to give a compound of formula III-1.

Preparation Method VI

A compound of formula I-3 may be prepared from a compound VI-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula VI-1 can react with a compound of formula II-2 inthe presence of a base (representative examples include, but are notlimited to pyrrolidine and piperidine) or an acid (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to hydrochloric acid, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid), and appropriate solvent or without solvent togive a compound of formula 1-3.

Preparation Method VII

A compound of formula VI-1 may be prepared from a compound of formulaII-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula II-1 can react with a compound of formula I-2 inthe presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II), orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate (representative examples include, but are not limited to,potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.) or otheralkali metal salt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dodiumethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassiumtert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate.),and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaVI-1.

Preparation Method VIII

A compound of formula VI-1 may be prepared from a compound of formulaIV-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula IV-1 can react with a compound of formula III-2 inthe presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II), orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride), alkali metal carbonate(representative examples include, but are not limited to, potassiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate) or other alkali metalsalt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dodium ethoxide, sodiummethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodiumhydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate), and appropriate solventor without solvent to give a compound of formula VI-1.

Preparation Method IX

A compound of formula IX-3 may be prepared from a compound of formulaIX-1.

[In the scheme, Ra and Rb are each independently halogen, cyano, nitro,amino, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalicyclic,aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, thioxo, sulfoxide, alkoxysulfonyl,aminosulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl oramino, alkylcarbonyl optionally substituted amino, or aminocarbonyloptionally substituted with hydroxyl or amino, B is optionallysubstituted heteroaryl group or optionally substituted heteroalicyclicgroup.]

A compound of formula IX-1 can react with a compound of formula IX-2(representative examples include, but are not limited to,N¹,N¹-diethylethane-1,2-diamine, N¹,N¹-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine,2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine, N-methyl-piperazine,N-methyl-homopiperazine, 2-morpholinoethanamine, or morpholine.) in thepresence of coupling reagent (representative examples include, but arenot limited to, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride.), and appropriate solvent or without solventto give a compound of formula IX-3. This amide formation reaction can beperformed in the presence of appropriate additives (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, orN-hydroxysuccinimide).

Preparation Method X

A compound of formula X-5 and X-6 may be prepared from a compound offormula IV-1.

[In the scheme, R₂, X and Y are same as the above definition. C isoptionally substituted heteroalicyclic group (said heteroalicyclic groupis unsaturated, and one of double bond is attached to X or Y). D isoptionally substituted heteroalicyclic group (wherein heteroalicyclicgroup is saturated.). E is optionally substituted hetero alicyclic. F isoptionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted heteroalicyclic group.]

A compound of formula IV-1 can react with a compound of formula X-1 inthe presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II), orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate (representative examples include, but are not limited to,potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate) or otheralkali metal salt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, dodiumethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassiumtert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate),and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaX-2.

A compound of formula X-2 can further react in the presence oftransition metal catalyst (representative examples include, but are notlimited to, palladium carbon, platinum carbon or rhodium carbon.), andappropriate solvent or without solvent under hydrogen atmosphere to givea compound of formula X-3. The reaction can be performed in any hydrogenpressure which depends on reagent and target material. However,preferable pressure is between 1 to 10 atm, and even more preferablybetween 1 to 5 atm.

A compound of formula X-3 can react with a compound of formula X-4 inthe presence of reducing reagent (representative examples include, butare not limited to, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, tetramethyltriacetoxyborohydride, picolyl borane, or sodium cyanoborohydride.),acid (representative examples include, but are not limited to aceticacid, or trifluoroacetic acid), and appropriate solvent or withoutsolvent to give a compound of formula X-5.

A compound of formula X-3 can react with a compound of formula X-6(wherein Z is leaving group representative examples include, but are notlimited to, chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, or p-tosyl)in the presence of tertiary amine (representative examples include, butare not limited to, diisopyropylethylamine, triethylamine, or pyridine),and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaX-7.

Preparation Method XI

A compound of formula X-2 may be prepared from a compound of formulaII-2.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula II-1 can react with a compound of formula XI-1 inthe presence of transition metal catalyst (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride,palladium carbon, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), alkali metalcarbonate (potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate)or other alkali metal salt (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,dodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassiumtert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate),and appropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaX-2.

Preparation Method XII

A compound of formula XII-4 may be prepared from a compound of formulaXII-1.

[In the scheme, R₂ is same as the above definition. G is defined asR_(8a) or R_(9a).]

A compound of formula XII-1 can react with a compound of formula XII-2in the presence of coupling reagent (representative examples include,but are not limited to, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl.),primary or secondary amine (representative examples include, but are notlimited to, 2-amino-1-phenylethanone, 2-amino-1-p-tolylethanone,2-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone, 2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone,or 2-amino-1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanone.), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XII-3. This amideformation reaction can be performed in the presence of appropriateadditives (representative examples include, but are not limited to,1-hydroxybenzotriazole, or N-hydroxysuccinimide.).

A compound of formula XII-3 can further react in the presence of acid(representative examples include, but are not limited to,trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,benzenesulfonic acid, or sulfuric acid) to give compound of formulaXII-4.

Preparation Method XIII

A compound of formula XIII-6 may be prepared from a compound of formulaXIII-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula XIII-1 can react with azide salt (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, sodium azide.), andappropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaXIII-2. This reaction can be preformed in the presence of additive(representative examples include, but are not limited to, potassiumiodide, or tetrabutylammonium iodide).

A compound of formula XIII-2 can further react in the presence of metalcatalyst (representative examples include, but are not limited to,palladium carbon, or platinum carbon.), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent under hydrogen atmosphere to give a compound of formulaXIII-3. The reaction can be performed in any hydrogen pressure whichdepends on reagent and target material. However, preferable pressure isbetween 1 to 10 atm, and even more preferably between 1 to 5 atm.

A compound of formula XIII-3 can further react with a compound offormula XIII-4 (wherein “Z” is defined as leaving group such as Cl, Brand the likes. Representative examples include, but are not limited to,benzoyl chloride, benzoyl bromide, 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride,4-methoxybenzoyl chloride, 4-methylbenzoyl chloride, isonicotinoylchloride, nicotinoyl chloride, picolinoyl chloride, ortetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonyl chloride.), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XIII-5. This reaction canbe preformed in the presence of additive (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, ortriethylamine.).

A compound of formula XIII-5 can further react in the presence of acids(representative examples include, but are not limited to,trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,benzenesulfonic acid, or sulfuric acid.), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XIII-6.

Preparation Method XIV

A compound of formula XIV-4 may be prepared from a compound of formulaXIV-1.

[In the scheme, R is alkyl. The symbols have the same meaning as definedabove.]

A compound of formula XIV-1 can react with hydrazine (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, hydrazine hydrate, orhydrazine) in the presence of solvent or without solvent to give acompound of formula XIV-2.

A compound of formula XIV-2 can react with aryl nitrile (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, benzonitrile,4-methylbenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-methoxybenzonitrile,3-methylbenzonitrile, isonicotinonitrile, ortetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile.) in the presence of alkali metalcarbonate (representative examples include, but are not limited to,potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.) andappropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaXIV-4.

Preparation Method XV

A compound of formula XV-2 may be prepared from a compound of formulaXIII-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula XIII-1 can react with a compound of formula XV-1(representative examples include, but are not limited to, benzimidamide,substituted benzimidamide, or isonicotinimidamide.), and appropriatesolvent or without solvent to give a compound of formula XV-2. Thisreaction can be preformed in the presence of additive (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, sodium iodide or potassiumiodide.).

Preparation Method XVI

A compound of formula XVI-2 may be prepared from a compound of formulaXIII-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula XIII-1 can react with a compound of formula XVI-1(representative examples include, but are not limited to,benzothioamide, 4-methylbenzothioamide, 4-chlorobenzothioamide,4-methoxybenzothioamide, 3-methylbenzothioamide,pyridine-4-carbothioamide, pyridine-3-carbothioamide,pyridine-2-carbothioamide or tert-butyl4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XVI-2.

Preparation Method XVII

A compound of formula XVII-3 may be prepared from a compound of formulaIV-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula IV-1 can react with azide salt (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, sodium azide, or hydrogenazide.) and a compound of formula XVII-2 (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, phenyl acetylene,1-ethynyl-4-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1-ethynyl-benzene, or4-ethynylpyridine.) in the presence of alkali base carbonate(representative examples include, but are not limited to, sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.), copper salt(representative examples include, but are not limited to, copperchloride (I), copper bromide (I), or copper iodide (I).), ascorbate(representative examples include, but are not limited to, sodiumascorbate, or potassium ascorbate.), amine (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) andappropriate solvent or without solvent to give a compound of formulaXVII-3.

sodium ascorbate

Preparation Method XVIII

A compound of formula XVIII-4 and XVIII-6 may be prepared from acompound of formula IV-1.

[In the scheme, the symbols have the same meaning as defined above.]

A compound of formula IV-1 (wherein R is alkyl, or trialkyl silyl) canreact with a compound of formula XVIII-1 (representative examplesinclude, but are not limited to, phenylacetylene, prop-1-yne, or3,3-diethoxyprop-1-yne.) in the presence of transition metal catalyst(representative examples include, but are not limited to,tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride, orbis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride.), copper catalyst(representative examples include, but are not limited to, copperchloride (I), copper bromide (I), or copper iodide (I).), organic base(representative examples include, but are not limited to,diisopropylethyamine, or triethylamine.), and appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XVIII-2.

A compound of formula XVIII-2 can further react with a compound offormula XVIII-3 (representative examples include, but are not limitedto, phenylazide, 1-azido-4-methylbenzene, 1-azido-4-chlorobenzene, or4-azidopyridine.) in the presence of copper catalyst (representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, copper chloride (I), copperbromide (I), or copper iodide (I).), alkali metal carbonate(representative examples include, but are not limited to, sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.), amine(representative examples include, but are not limited to,N,N-dimethylethylenediamine.) and appropriate solvent or without solventto give a compound of formula XVIII-4.

A compound of formula XVIII-2 (wherein R contains ketone, aldehyde ortheir equivalent (representative examples include, but are not limitedto, 5-(3,3-diethoxyprop-1-ynyl)indolin-2-one, or5-(3,3-diethoxybut-1-ynyl)indolin-2-one.) next to triple bond) can reactwith a compound of formula XVIII-5 (representative examples include, butare not limited to, phenylhydrazine, p-tolylhydrazine, orp-cyanophenylhydrazine.) in the presence of appropriate solvent orwithout solvent to give a compound of formula XVIII-6. This reaction canbe performed in the presence of acid (representative examples include,but are not limited to, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonyl acid, ormethanesulfonyl acid.).

The present invention encompasses a compound of formula (1) or a prodrugthereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. It alsoencompasses a solvate thereof such as a hydrate or an ethanolate, etc.Further, the present invention encompasses every tautomer, everyexisting stereoisomer and every crystalline form of the compound of thepresent invention (1).

The term “prodrug of a compound of formula (1)” herein means a compoundwhich is converted to a compound of formula (1) by reaction(s) by enzymeor gastric acid, etc. under the physiological condition in vivo, e.g. acompound which is converted to a compound of formula (1) by enzymaticoxidization, reduction, hydrolysis, etc.; a compound which is convertedto a compound of formula (1) by hydrolysis by gastric acid, etc.

The compounds of the present invention which contain a basic moiety,such as but not limited to an amine or a pyridine or imidazole ring, mayform salts with a variety of organic and inorganic acids. Exemplary acidaddition salts include acetates (such as those formed with acetic acidor trihaloacetic acid, for example, trifluoroacetic acid), adipates,alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates,bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates,camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates,dodecylsulfates, ethane sulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptonoates,glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates,hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, hydroxyethanesulfonates(e.g., 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates), lactates, maleates,methanesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates (e.g.,2-naphthalenesulfonates), nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pectinates,persulfates, phenylpropionates (e.g., 3-phenylpropionates), phosphates,picrates, pivalates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates(such as those formed with sulfuric acid), sulfonates, tartrates,thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates such as tosylates, undecanoates, and thelike.

The compounds of the present invention which contain an acidic moiety,such as but not limited to a carboxylic acid, may form salts with avariety of organic and inorganic bases. Exemplary basic salts includeammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium and potassiumsalts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts,salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such asbenzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl) ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines,N-methyl-D-glycamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids suchas arginine, lysine and the like. Basic nitrogen-containing groups maybe quaternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides {e.g. methyl,ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkylsulfates (e.g. dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates), longchain halides (e.g. decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides,bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (e.g. benzyl and phenethylbromides), and others.

Solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.Solvates of the compounds of the present invention include, for example,hydrates.

Compounds of the present invention, and salts thereof, may exist intheir tautomeric form (for example, as an amide or imino ether). Allsuch tautomeric forms are contemplated herein as part of the presentinvention.

The compounds of the present invention may form salts which are alsowithin the scope of this invention. Reference to a compound of thepresent invention herein is understood to include reference to saltsthereof, unless otherwise indicated. The term “salt(s)”, as employedherein, denotes acidic and/or basic salts formed with inorganic and/ororganic acids and bases. In addition, when a compound of the presentinvention contains both a basic moiety, such as but not limited to apyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety such as but not limited to acarboxylic acid, zwitterions (“inner salts”) may be formed and areincluded within the term “salt(s)” as used herein. “Pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts” (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) arepreferred, although other salts are also useful, e.g., in isolation orpurification steps which may be employed during preparation. Salts ofthe compounds of the present invention may be formed, for example, byreacting a compound I, II or III with an amount of acid or base, such asan equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the saltprecipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.

All stereoisomers of the compounds of the present invention (forexample, those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on varioussubstituents), including enantiomeric forms and diastereomeric forms,are contemplated within the scope of this invention. Individualstereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, besubstantially free of other isomers (e.g., as a pure or substantiallypure optical isomer having a specified activity), or may be admixed, forexample, as racemates or with all other, or other selected,stereoisomers. The chiral centers of the present invention may have theS or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations. Theracemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example,fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization ofdiastereomeric derivatives or separation by chiral columnchromatography. The individual optical isomers can be obtained from theracemates by any suitable method, including without limitation,conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with anoptically active acid followed by crystallization.

Compounds of the present invention are, subsequent to their preparation,preferably isolated and purified to obtain a composition containing anamount by weight equal to or greater than 95% (“substantially pure”compound I), which is then used or formulated as described herein. Incertain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention are morethan 99% pure.

All configurational isomers of the compounds of the present inventionare contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pureform. The definition of compounds of the present invention embraces bothcis (2) and trans (E) alkene isomers, as well as cis and trans isomersof cyclic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic rings.

Throughout the specifications, groups and substituents thereof may bechosen to provide stable moieties and compounds.

The present invention also provides, in part, a method of treating,preventing or ameliorating a protein kinase related disorder in amammal, comprising administering to the mammal in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the present invention as described hereinabove.

The mammal may be in need of the treatment or the treatment may beadministered prophylactically for prevention or for amelioration of theprotein kinase related disorder.

A “protein kinase related disorder” is any disease or deleteriouscondition in which a protein kinase plays a role. Examples include aserine-threonine kinase related disorder, a receptor tyrosine kinaserelated disorder, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase related disorder, anEGFR related disorder, an IGFR related disorder, a PDGFR relateddisorder and a flk related disorder. The compounds of the presentinvention may be used for any of these protein kinase related disorders.

In certain embodiments, the protein kinase related disorder is a cancersuch as lung cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma,ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer,glioma, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, genitourinarycancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma,non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer,hepatoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, renalcell carcinoma, astrocytoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myelogenousleukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, andglioblastoma.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, “cancerstem cell” (“CSC”) or “cancer stem cells” (“CSCs”) refer to a minutepopulation of cancer cells that have self-renewal capability and aretumorigenic. They are also called “Cancer Initiating Cells”, “TumorInitiating Cells”, “Cancer Stem-Like Cells”, “Stem-Like Cancer Cells”,“aggressive cancer cells”, and “super malignant cancer cells”, etc. Themethods of isolating these cells include but not limited to enrichmentby their ability of efflux Hoechst 33342, enrichment of surface markerssuch as CD133, CD44, and others, and enrichment by their tumorigenicproperty.

The term “CSCPK” or “CSCPKs” refer to protein kinase(s) that areessential for cancer stem cell survival or self-renewal.

In certain embodiments, the protein kinase is CSCPK. The compounds ofthe present invention are particularly useful for the treatment,prevention or amelioration of cancer, such as lung cancer, bladdercancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer,breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer,non-small-cell lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pancreatic cancer,thyroid cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, gastrointestinalstromal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma,astrocytoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acutemyelogenous leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and glioblastoma, byinhibiting CSCPKs.

In yet other embodiments, the protein kinase includes serine-threoninekinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and non-receptor tyrosine kinases.

In yet other embodiments, the protein kinase related disorder includesdiabetes, an autoimmune disorder, a hyperproliferation disorder,angiogenesis, an inflammatory disorder, an immunological disorder, acardiovascular disorder, restenosis, fibrosis, psoriasis, vonHeppel-Lindau disease, osteoarthritis, neurodegeneration, infection, andrheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention provides, in part, a method ofinhibiting/reducing/diminishing cancer stem cell survival and/orproliferation, self-renewal in a mammal by inhibiting or decreasingunwanted activity of several kinases including CSCPK.

The present invention also provides, in part, a method of inhibitingcancer stem cell niche, or stromal cell signaling by targeting CSCPKs.

The present invention further provides, in part, a method of treatingcancer, inhibiting/reducing/diminishing cancer stem cell survival and/orproliferation.

The present invention also provides, in part, a method of modulating thecatalytic activity of a protein kinase. The method comprises contactingsaid protein kinase with a compound of the present invention, or apharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, theprotein kinase includes a serine-threonine kinase, a receptor tyrosinekinase and a non-receptor tyrosine kinase.

The present invention also provides, in part, a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of the present invention as describedhereinabove, or an enantiomer, diastereomer, tautomer, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrugs thereof, and apharmaceutically-acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent.

Formulations of the present invention include those suitable for oral,nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal and/orparenteral administration. The formulations may conveniently bepresented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods wellknown in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which canbe combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form willvary depending upon the mammal being treated and the particular mode ofadministration. The amount of active ingredient, which can be combinedwith a carrier material to produce a single dosage form, will generallybe that amount of the compound which produces a therapeutic effect.Generally, out of 100%, this amount will range, for example, from about0.1% to about 25% of active ingredient.

[1] Therapeutic compositions or formulations of the invention suitablefor oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, pills,tablets, lozenges (using a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia ortragacanth), powders, granules, or as a solution or a suspension in anaqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oilliquid emulsion, or as an elixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using aninert base, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/oras mouth washes and the like, each containing a predetermined amount ofa compound of the present invention as an active ingredient. A compoundof the present invention may also be administered as a bolus, electuaryor paste.

In solid dosage forms of the invention for oral administration(capsules, tablets, pills, dragees, powders, granules and the like), thealcohol or inhibitor according to the invention is mixed with one ormore pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, such as sodium citrate ordicalcium phosphate, and/or any of the following: fillers or extenders,such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and/or silicicacid; binders, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates,gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose and/or acacia; humectants, suchas glycerol; disintegrating agents, such as agar-agar, calciumcarbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates,sodium carbonate, and sodium starch glycolate; solution retardingagents, such as paraffin; absorption accelerators, such as quaternaryammonium compounds; wetting agents, such as, for example, cetyl alcohol,glycerol monostearate, and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxidecopolymer; absorbents, such as kaolin and bentonite clay; lubricants,such a talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethyleneglycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof; and coloringagents. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the pharmaceuticalcompositions may also comprise buffering agents. Solid compositions of asimilar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filledgelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugars, aswell as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration of the compounds of theinvention include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions,micro-emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In additionto the active ingredient, the liquid dosage forms may contain inertdiluents commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or othersolvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol,isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol,benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (inparticular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesameoils), glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fattyacid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Additionally,cyclodextrins, for example, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, may be usedto solubilize compounds.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvantssuch as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening,flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents. Suspensions, inaddition to the alcohols or inhibitors according to the invention, maycontain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearylalcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystallinecellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth,and mixtures thereof.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention forrectal or vaginal administration may be presented as a suppository,which may be prepared by mixing one or more alcohols or inhibitorsaccording to the invention, with one or more suitable nonirritatingexcipients or carriers comprising, for example, cocoa butter,polyethylene glycol, a suppository wax or a salicylate, and which issolid at room temperature, but liquid at body temperature and,therefore, will melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release theactive pharmaceutical agents of the invention. Formulations of thepresent invention which are suitable for vaginal administration alsoinclude pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprayformulations containing such carriers as are known in the art to beappropriate.

Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of an alcoholor other inhibitor according to the invention include powders, sprays,ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches andinhalants. The active compound may be mixed under sterile conditionswith a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, and with any preservatives,buffers, or propellants which may be required.

The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to analcohol or other inhibitor according to the invention, excipients, suchas animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch,tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones,bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to a compound of thisinvention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminumhydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of thesesubstances. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants, suchas chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons,such as butane and propane.

Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, solutions and the like,are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention suitable for parenteraladministration comprise one or more alcohols or inhibitors according tothe invention in combination with one or morepharmaceutically-acceptable sterile isotonic aqueous or nonaqueoussolutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, or sterile powderswhich may be reconstituted into sterile injectable solutions ordispersions just prior to use, which may contain antioxidants, buffers,bacteriostats, solutes which render the formulation isotonic with theblood of the intended recipient or suspending or thickening agents.

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of the alcohol orinhibitor according to the invention, it is desirable to slow theabsorption of the alcohol or inhibitor from subcutaneous orintramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquidsuspension of crystalline or amorphous material having poor watersolubility.

The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate ofdissolution, which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size andcrystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of aparenterally-administered composition is accomplished by dissolving orsuspending the alcohol or inhibitor in an oil vehicle. One strategy fordepot injections includes the use of polyethylene oxide-polypropyleneoxide copolymers wherein the vehicle is fluid at room temperature andsolidifies at body temperature.

The pharmaceutical compounds of this invention may be administeredalone, or simultaneously, subsequently or sequentially with one or moreactive agents, other pharmaceutical agents, or with other anti-cancer orcytotoxic agent as described hereinabove, as well as in combination witha pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient, carrier, or diluent asdescribed above.

The amount of pharmacological agent in the oral unit dosage form, withas a single or multiple dosage, is an amount that is effective fortreating a neurological disorder. As one of skill in the art willrecognize, the precise dose to be employed will depend on a variety offactors, examples of which include the condition itself, the seriousnessof the condition being treated, the particular composition used, as wellas various physical factors related to the individual being treated. Invitro or in vivo assays can optionally be employed to help identifyoptimal dosage ranges.

The compounds of the invention will normally be administered in a dailydosage regimen (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral dose ofbetween 1 mg and 2000 mg, preferably between 30 mg and 1000 mg, e.g.between 10 and 250 mg or an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramusculardose of between 0.1 mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0.1 mg and 50 mg,e.g. between 1 and 25 mg of the compounds of the invention or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base,the compound being administered 1 to 4 times per day. Suitably thecompounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, forexample for a week or more.

EXAMPLES

The following preparations and examples are given to enable thoseskilled in the art to more clearly understand and to practice thepresent invention. They should not be considered as limiting the scopeof the invention, but merely as being illustrative and representativethereof.

The synthesized compounds are identified by NMR, LCMS, IR, meltingpoint, HPLC and so on.

The abbreviations used in NMR spectrums are following:

s for singlet, d for doublet, t for triplet, m for multiplet, br forbroad, brs for broad singlet, and J for binding constant.

Reference Example 1 Production of 5-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-bromooxindole (100 mg, 0.572 mmol) in dioxane/H₂O (3ml/1 ml) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (55 mg, 0.047 mmol),5-phenylthiophene-2-boronic acid (106 mg, 0.519 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (196 mg, 1.42 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 1hour under microwave irradiation. The residue was extracted with CHCl₃,and the organic layer was washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by columnchromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to give5-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)indolin-2-one (44 mg) as a pale yellow solid.

MS m/z 292.4 (M+H).

Reference Examples 2 to 8

Reactions and treatments were carried out in the same manner asReference example 1 using the corresponding starting material compounds,thereby givining the compounds of Reference example 2 to 8 shown inTable 1.

TABLE 1 Reference Example structure Spectral data 2

LCMS m/z 290.3 (M + H) 3

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 10.48 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.03-7.98 (m,2H), 7.65-7.49 (m, 5H), 7.29 (d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 3.52 (s, 2H) 4

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 9.97 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.06-8.00 (m,2H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz,), 7.61-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, 1H, J = 7.2Hz), 7.06 (dd, 1H, J = 7.2, 7.5 Hz), 3.60 (s, 2H) 5

LCMS m/z 298.2 (M + H) 6

LCMS m/z 292.4 (M + H) 7

LCMS m/z 291.3 (M + H) 8

LCMS m/z 291.3 (M + H)

Reference Example 9 Production of5-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolin-2-one (98 mg,0.38 mmol) in dioxane (0.76 ml) was added PdCl₂(dppf) CH₂Cl₂ (28 mg,0.039 mmol), 2-bromo-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (138 mg, 0.57 mmol) and2 M potassium carbonate (aq, 568 μL). The mixture was stirred at 90° C.for 4 hour. The residue was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layerwas washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography(n-hexane/EtOAc) to give 5-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)indolin-2-one(28 mg) as brown oil.

LCMS m/z 294.3 (M+H)

Reference Examples 10 to 14

Reactions and treatments were carried out in the same manner asReference example 9 using the corresponding starting material compounds,thereby givining the compounds of Reference example 10 to 12 shown inTable 2.

TABLE 2 Reference Example structure Spectral data 10

LCMS m/z 276.3 (M + H) 11

LCMS m/z 293.2 (M + H) 12

LCMS m/z 277.3 (M + H) 13

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 4.40-4.30 (m, 1H),4.33-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.50 (d, 2H, J = 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 2.11-1.93 (m, 2H). 14

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 8.58 (brs, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.65(dd, 2H, J = 1.9, 6.8 Hz), 7.47 (dd, 2H, J = 1.9, 6.8 Hz), 7.16 (s, 1H),7.09 (dd, 1H, J = 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 6.88 (d, 1H, J = 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 6.50 (d,1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 3.56 (s, 2H).

Reference Example 15 Production of 5-(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 2-oxoindoline-5-carboxylic acid (1.3 g, 7.3 mmol) inDMF (50 ml) was added iPr₂NEt (3.8 ml, 22 mmol), HOBt (1.2 g, 8.8 mmol),WSCI (1.7 g, 8.8 mmol) and 2-amino-1-phenylethanone hydrochloride (1.3g, 7.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at roomtemperature. The mixture was poured into H₂O and EtOAc. The resultingprecipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was separated.The organic layer was washed with sat. NaHCO₃ solution, sat. NH₄Clsolution and brine, and then dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent wasevaporated and the residue (0.73 g) was used for the next reactionwithout further purification.

Sulfuric acid (5 ml) was added to the residue, and the mixture washeated for 2 h at 100° C. Ice was added, and the mixture was extractedwith EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with H₂O and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was crystallized from EtOH to afford5-(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (0.27 g, 13%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.68 (s, 1H), 7.96-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.80(m, 2H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.37 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, 1H,J=8.0 Hz), 3.60 (s, 2H).

Reference Example 16 Production of 5-(2-phenyloxazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-(2-chloroacetyl)indolin-2-one (1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) inDMF (20 ml) was added NaI (0.14 g, 0.96 mmol) and NaN₃ (0.37 g, 5.7mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. H₂O andEtOAc were added to the mixture, and the resulting precipitate wasfiltered and dried to afford 5-(2-azidoacetyl)indolin-2-one (0.38 g,37%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.77 (s, 1H), 7.84 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz),7.79 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 6.93 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.80 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s,2H).

To a solution of 5-(2-azidoacetyl)indolin-2-one (0.20 g, 1.1 mmol) inDMF (5 ml) was added 10% Pd—C (0.20 g), and the mixture was stirred for3.5 h at room temperature under H₂ atmosphere. The mixture was passedthrough Celite. To the filtrate was added benzoyl chloride (0.12 ml, 1.1mmol) and iPr₂NEt (0.36 ml, 2.2 mmol), and the reaction mixture wasstirred for 1 h at 0° C. H₂O and EtOAc were added to the mixture, andinsoluble solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was separatedand the organic layer was washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in sulfuric acid (2.0 ml) andthe mixture was heated for 2 h at 90° C. The mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and H₂O was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc,washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated.Purification by column chromatography (EtOAc/hex) gave5-(2-phenyloxazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one (0.07 g, 24%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.58 (s, 1H), 8.08-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.65(m, 3H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 3H), 6.92 (d, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 3.57 (s, 2H).

Reference Example 17 Production of5-(3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of methyl 2-oxoindoline-5-carboxylate (0.40 g, 4.8 mmol)in EtOH (8 ml) was added hydrazine monohydrate (2 ml), and the mixturewas stirred for 6 h at 80° C. The mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and the resulting precipitate was filtered and dried toafford 2-oxoindoline-5-carbohydrazide (0.25 g, 63%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.58 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d,1H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.41 (br, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H).

To a solution of 2-oxoindoline-5-carbohydrazide (200 mg, 1.05 mmol) inn-BuOH/DMF (6 ml/2 ml) was added benzonitrile (324 mg, 3.14 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (29 mg, 0.21 mmol). The mixture was heated at 150°C. for 3 hours under microwave irradiation. CHCl₃/MeOH (20 ml/1 ml) wasadded to the mixture and insoluble solid was removed by filtration. Thefiltrate was concentrated. H₂O was added to the residue and extractedwith CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo. Purification by column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) gave5-(3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one (15 mg).

LCMS m/z 277.3 (M+H)

Reference Example 18 Production of5-(2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-(2-chloroacetyl)indolin-2-one (100 mg, 0.477 mmol) inTHF/H₂O (3 ml/1 ml) was added benzimidamide hydrochloride (75 mg, 0.477mmol) and potassium carbonate (198 mg, 1.43 mmol). The mixture wasstirred for 7 hours under reflux. The mixture was extracted with CHCl₃,and the organic layer washed with H₂O, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue purified by column chromatography(CHCl₃/MeOH) to give 5-(3-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one (19 mg).

LCMS m/z 276.30 (M+H)

Reference Example 19 Production of5-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)indolin-2-one

The mixture of 5-bromoindolin-2-one (530 mg, 2.5 mmol),N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (44 mg, 0.5 mmol), ethynylbenzene (274 μl,2.5 mmol), CuI (48 mg, 0.25 mmol), sodium azide (325 mg, 5 mmol) andsodium ascorbate (99 mg, 0.5 mmol) in EtOH (7 ml), H₂O (3 ml) was heatedto 80° C. for 18 h. All reagents were re-added and heated to 80° C. for10 h. After confirming the reaction complete, reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature and EtOH was removed under reduced pressure.20 ml of water was added and filtered. The filtrate was washed withwater and hexane and dried under vacuo to give5-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)indolin-2-one (450 mg).

Reference Example 20 Production of5-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-iodoindolin-2-one (518 mg, 2 mmol), TEA (3 ml) andCuI (38 mg) in DMF (3 ml) was added to PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (70 mg). The mixturewas cooled to 0° C. and a solution of TMS-acetylene (1 ml). The mixturewas maintained same temperature for 3 h, then warmed to rt. Afterstirring for overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give5-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)indolin-2-one (451 mg).

7.37-7.34 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 3.51 (2H, s), and 0.24 (9H,s).

To a mixture of iodobenzene (204 mg, 1 mmol), sodium azide (130 mg, 2mmol), sodium carbonate (53 mg, 0.5 mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol), sodiumascorbate (20 mg) and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (18 ul, 0.2 mmol) inEtOH (1.5 ml) and water (0.5 ml) were added5-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)indolin-2-one (115 mg, 0.5 mmol), and stirredat 80° C. for 2 h. After cooling to ambient temp, EtOH was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was suspended in EtOH and stirred for 1 hat rt and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and hexane anddried under vacuo to give5-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)indolin-2-one (106 mg).

Reference Example 21 Production of5-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-iodo-2-oxoindoline (497 mg, 1.9 mmol) in THF (20 ml)were added triethylamine (0.80 ml, 5.7 mmol), 3,3-diethoxyprop-1-yne(738 mg, 5.7 mmol), CuI (73 mg, 0.38 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (222 mg, 0.19mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at 50° C. The mixturewas poured into H₂O and EtOAc. The mixture was separated into an aqueouslayer and an organic layer. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate 3 times. The combined organic layer was washed with sat. NaHCO₃solution, and brine, and then dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent wasevaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography (EtOAc thenCHCl₃/MeOH) to give 5-(3,3-diethoxyprop-1-ynyl)indolin-2-one as a brownsolid (292 mg, 59%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.16(s, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 5.31 (s, 1H), 3.64 (dq, 2H, J=9.4, 7.1Hz), 3.48 (dq, 2H, J=9.4, 7.1 Hz), 3.34 (s, 2H), 1.10 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz).

To a solution of 5-(3,3-diethoxyprop-1-ynyl)indolin-2-one (100 mg, 0.39mmol) in acetonitrile (5 ml) were added phenyl hydrazine (38 μL, 0.38mmol) and sulfuric acid (52 μL, 0.98 mmol), and the mixture was stirredfor 3 h at room temperature, then the mixture was stirred for 2 h at 50°C. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL), and the resultingprecipitate was filtered and dried. The precipitated was dissolved inacetonitrile (5 mL), then water (52 μL, 3.9 mmol) and sulfuric acid (93μL, 1.75 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated at 80 C for 4 h. Themixture was cooled to room temperature, and then neutralized with sat.NaHCO₃. The mixture was extracted with CHCl₃/EtOAc 3 times. The combinedorganic extracts were washed with sat. NaCl, dried over Na₂SO₄, andevaporated in vacuo. The residue purified by column chromatography(EtOAc/n-hexane) to give the title compound as a brown solid (44 mg,41%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (brs, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz),7.39-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.13-7.08 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.48 (d,1H, J=1.8 Hz), 3.51 (s, 2H).

MS m/z 276.3 (M+H)

Reference Example 22 Production of5-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one

To a suspension of 5-bromoindolin-2-one (600 mg, 2.83 mmol) in1,4-Dioxane (9 ml) and H₂O (3 ml) were added tert-butyl4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate(1.05 g, 3.40 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (164 mg, 0.142 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.17 g,8.50 mmol). After stirring at 120° C. in microwave reactor for 1 h, thereaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ aq. and extracted withCHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to givetert-butyl 4-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H-carboxylate(912 mg) as mixture with triphenylphosphin oxide.

LCMS m/z 315 (M+H)

To a solution of tert-butyl4-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H-carboxylate (912 mg, 2.90mmol) in THF (10 ml) and MeOH (10 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (453 mg) andstirred at room temperature under H₂ (1 atom) atmosphere for 7 h. Thereaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to affordtert-butyl 4-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (846 mg, 92%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.25 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s,1H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.71 (d, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 4.10-3.96 (m, 2H),3.41 (s, 2H), 2.86-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.62 (m, 2H),1.51-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

To a solution of TFA (10 ml) was added tert-butyl4-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (789 mg, 2.49 mmol) andstirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated. The residue was diluted with 1N HCl and extracted withCHCl₃. The aqueous layer was added with 28% NH₃ aq until pH 8 andextracted with CHCl₃/EtOH (3/1). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give 5-(piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (409 mg, 76%).

LCMS m/z 217 (M+H)

To a solution of 5-(piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (64.6 mg, 0.299 mmol)in THF (1.5 ml) and MeOH (3 ml) were added dihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one(0.132 ml, 1.34 mmol), acetic acid (0.170 ml, 29.5 mmol) and NaBH₃(CN)(61.6 mg, 0.931 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 4 days,the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was diluted with sat.NaHCO₃ aq. and extracted with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by columnchromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to give5-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (84.9 mg,95%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.23 (s, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, 1H,J=7.9 Hz), 6.70 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 3.89-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H),3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.13 (m,2H), 1.74-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.61-1.36 (m, 4H).

Reference Example 23

Reactions and treatments were carried out in the same manner asReference example 22 using the corresponding starting materialcompounds, thereby givining the compounds of Reference example 23 shownin Table 3.

TABLE 3 Reference Example structure Spectral data 23

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 10.24 (s, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J= 8.1 Hz), 6.69 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.42-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.77 (m,2H), 3.72-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 3.16-3.07 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.86 (m,4H), 2.45-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.79-1.45 (m,3H), 1.45-1.13 (m, 2H).

Reference Example 24 Production of5-(1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of 5-(piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (39.8 mg, 0.184 mmol)in EtOH 3 ml) were added 2-chloropyrimidine (33.7 mg, 0.294 mmol) andiPr₂NEt (0.095 ml, 0.551 mmol). After stirring at 80° C. for 6 h, thereaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by columnchromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to give5-(1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (47.9 mg, 88%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.54 (brs, 1H),7.08 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 6.77 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 6.58-6.47(m, 1H), 4.99-4.90 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.69(m, 1H), 1.98-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.50 (m, 2H).

Reference Example 25 Production of5-(1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one

To a solution of LHMDS (3.2 ml, 1.10 M in hexane, 3.52 mmol) in THF (30ml) was added a solution of 1-phenylpiperidin-4-one (559 mg, 3.19 mmol)in THF (7 ml) at −78° C. over 3 min. After stirring at the sametemperature for 30 min, PhNTf₂ (1.48 g, 4.15 mmol) was added. Afterstirring at −78° C. for 20 min, then the reaction mixture was stirred at0° C. for 20 min. The reaction mixture was quenched by sat. NH₄Cl aq.and extracted with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography(hexane/EtOAc) to give 1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (563 mg, 58%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.97-6.87 (m, 3H),5.90-5.86 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, 2H, J=5.6 Hz), 2.62-2.56(m, 2H).

To a solution of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (104 mg, 0.339 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (3 ml) andH₂O (1 ml) were added5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolin-2-one (97.6 mg,0.377 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (38.8 mg, 0.00336 mmol), LiCl (47.1 mg, 1.11mmol) and K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1.01 mmol). After stirring at 120° C. inmicrowave reactor for 1 h, the reaction mixture was quenched by sat.NaHCO₃ aq. The resulting mixture was extracted with CHCl₃, the organiclayer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to give5-(1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (75.8 mg) asmixture of triphenylphosphine oxide.

MS m/z 291 (M+H)

To a solution of5-(1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (75.8 mg, 0.261mmol) in THF (3 ml) and MeOH (3 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (210 mg) andstirred at room temperature under H₂ (1 atom) atmosphere for 2 h. Thereaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to afford5-(1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one (51.2 mg) as mixture oftriphenylphosphine oxide.

MS m/z 293 (M+H)

Reference Example 26 Production of(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide

To a solution of5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolin-2-one (195 mg,0.75 mmol) in EtOH (3 ml) was addedN-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide(200 mg, 0.76 mmol) and piperidine (82 μL, 0.83 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 1 hour. After cooled down to room temperature, thereaction mixture was concentrated, filtrated, and washed with EtOH togive (Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (218 mg)as yellow solid.

MS m/z 507.6 (M+H)

Reference Example 27 Production of(Z)-5-((5-bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide

To the solution of 5-bromoindolin-2-one (262 mg, 1.24 mmol) in EtOH (5ml) was addedN-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide(298 mg, 1.12 mmol) and piperidine (112 μL, 1.13 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. for 1 hour. After cooled down to room temperature, thereaction mixture was concentrated, filtrated, and washed with EtOH togive(Z)-5-((5-bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide(368 mg) as orange solid.

MS m/z 459.4/461.4 (M+H)

Example 1 Production of(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(5-phenylthiophen-2-)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide

To a solution of No (23 mg, 0.079 mmol) in THF/EtOH (1 ml/1 ml) wasadded No (25.2 mg, 0.095 mmol) and piperidine (0.7 mg, 0.008 mmol). Themixture was stirred at 80° C. for 10 hours. After cooled down to theroom temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated, filtrated, andwashed with EtOH to give(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide(18 mg) as an orange solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H),7.81 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.51 (s, 2H), 7.42-7.45 (m, 4H),7.32-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.93 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.34 (m, 4H), 2.4-2.6 (m,10H), 0.94-0.99 (m, 6H); MS m/z 539.70 (M+H).

Examples 2 to 50

Reactions and treatments were carried out in the same manner as inExample 1 using the corresponding starting material compounds, therebygiving the compounds of Examples 2 to 50 shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Ex- am- ple structure Spectral data 2

30 0MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.29 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H),7.99-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.66 (dd, 1H, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz), 7.48-7.45 (m, 5H),6.95 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.74-3.47 (brs, 4H), 2.38-2.24 (m, 13H) 3

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.62 (s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.80 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 3H),7.32-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.92 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.49 (s, 3H),2.32 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 4H), 2.19 (s, 3H) 4

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.29 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 2H, J =8.4 Hz), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.30-7.23 (m, 3H), 6.83(d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.70 (brs, 1H), 3.48 (d, 2H, J = 5.4 Hz), 2.68-2.57(m, 6H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.02 (t, 6H, J = 6.9 Hz) 5

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.63 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H),7.45-7.42 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.95-6.92 (m,1H), 3.74-3.72 (m, 4H), 2.63-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H),2.32 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H) 6

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.34 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H),7.73 (d, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.32 (t, 2H,J = 7.5 Hz), 6.90 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.69 (brs, 4H), 2.42-2.33 (m,14H) 7

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.63 (s, 1H), 11.01 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),8.05-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.72-7.68 (m, 2H),7.58-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.47 (m,4H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 0.98 (t, 6H, J = 7.0 Hz) 8

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.57 (s, 1H), 11.01 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),8.04-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.70 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 6.6Hz), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 5H), 3.55-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.23 (m,4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H) 9

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.65 (s, 1H), 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H),8.08-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H,J = 8.3 Hz), 7.62-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.14 (dd, 1H, J =7.7, 7.9 Hz), 3.36-3.23 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.44(s, 3H), 0.97 (t, 6H, J = 7.1 Hz) 10

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.60 (s, 1H), 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H),8.08-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H,J = 8.8 Hz), 7.62-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.14 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 3.57-3.37 (m,4H), 2.32-2.25 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H) 11

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.62 (s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.80 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 3H),7.32-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.30 (m, 8H), 2.30 (s, 3H),2.28 (s, 3H) 12

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.66 (s, 1H), 10.77 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H),7.67 (s, 1H), 7.38 (t, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz), 6.96 (brd, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.75(d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 3.92-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.22 (m, 6H), 3.03-2.97 (m,2H), 2.57-2.39 (m, 6H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.12 (m, 2H),1.76-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.52-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, 6H, J = 7.2 Hz) 13

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.35 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.74 (s,1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.96-6.90(m, 1H), 3.80-3.40 (m, 8H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H) 14

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.66 (s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H),7.81 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 3H),7.30-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.91 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.65 (m,4H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 4H) 15

LCMS m/z 539.70 (M + H) 16

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.37 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H),7.49-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.36 (m ,2H), 7.20-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.85 (m,2H), 3.58-3.56 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.71 (m, 6H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H),2.41 (s, 3H), 1.12-1.08 (m, 6H) 17

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.67 (s, 1H), 1.11 (br, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H),J = 1.5 Hz), 8.15-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.43(m, 5H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.35-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.45 (m,10H), 0.98 (t, 6H, J = 7.1 Hz) 18

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.61 (s, 1H), 11.10 (br, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H),7.73 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.7-3.3 (m,4H), 2.35-2.22 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H) 19

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.35 (s, 1H), 8.36 (br, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H, J =1.4 Hz), 7.93 (dd, 1H, J = 8.1, 1.4 Hz), 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s,1H), 7.48-7.30 (m, 4H), 6.99 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.62 (br, 1H), 3.52(m, 2H), 2.70 (t, 2H, J = 5.8 Hz), 2.62 (q, 4H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.50 (s,3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.06 (t, 6H, J = 7.1 Hz) 20

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.32 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.14(br, 1H), 7.93 (dd, 1H, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz), 7.76-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s,1H), 7.49-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.0-3.3 (m, 4H),2.6-2.3 (m, 4H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H) 21

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.34 (s, 1H), 8.24 (br, 1H), 7.96-7.91 (m,2H), 7.77-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J= 8.1 Hz), 4.0-3.3 (m, 8H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H) 22

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.26 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H, J =1.8 Hz), 7.30-7.23 (m, 6H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H, J = 1.6, 8.1Hz), 6.73 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.47 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 3.55-3.40 (m,2H), 2.73-2.47 (m, 6H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.09-0.91 (m, 6H).23

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.27 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H, J =1.8 Hz), 7.39-7.31 (m, 6H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J = 1.6, 8.1Hz), 6.81 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.55 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 3.95-3.37 (br,4H), 2.56-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H). 24

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.22 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J =1.8 Hz), 7.55 (dt, 2H, J = 1.9, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (dt, 2H, J = 1.9, 8.7 Hz),7.35 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.84 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz),6.78 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.48 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 3.90-3.30 (br, 4H),2.47-2.20 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H). 25

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J =1.8 Hz), 7.55 (dt, 2H, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 7.41 (dt, 2H, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz),7.36 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz),6.78 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.48 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 3.47-3.40 (m, 2H),2.65-2.49 (m, 6H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 0.98 (t, 6H, J = 6.9 Hz).26

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.38 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, 1H, J =4.5 Hz), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.34(m, 2H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.72 (brs, 2H),3.03-2.92 (m, 6H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.26 (d, 6H, J = 5.1 Hz)27

400 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.33 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H, J =1.6 Hz), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J = 1.7, 8.1 Hz), 7.16-7.12 (m,3H), 7.08 (d, 1H, J = 3.7 Hz), 6.97 (dd, 1H, J = 3.7, 5.1 Hz), 6.84 (d,1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.69-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.49 (m,4H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.08-0.95 (m, 6H). 28

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.22 (s, 1H), 9.63 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H),7.46-7.37 (m, 5H), 7.19-7.11 (m, 3H), 6.90-6.88 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.60 (m,2H), 3.05-2.80 (m, 6H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H),2.02-1.91 (m, 4H) 29

LCMS m/z 523.66 (M + H) 30

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.34 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.43 (d, 1H, J =4.2 Hz), 8.01 (t, 2H, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.86-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.67 (s, 1H),7.42- 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20 (t, 1H, J = 6.3 Hz), 6.91 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz),3.69 (brs, 8H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H) 31

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.61 (s, 1H), 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H),8.50 (d, 1H, J = 4.8 Hz), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.95 (m, 2H),7.78 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.37 (t, 1H, J = 5.4 Hz), 6.89(d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.47 (brs, 4H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 13H) 32

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.38 (s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H, J =3.6 Hz), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.81 (t, 1H, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.64(s, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.91 (d, 1H, J = 7.8Hz), 3.56 (brs, 4H), 2.79-2.70 (m, 6H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H). 33

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.34 (s, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.40 (d, 1H, J =3.9 Hz), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.99-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.80 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.62(s, 1H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.89 (d, 1H, J =7.8 Hz), 3.70 (brs, 2H), 3.02 (brs, 6H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H),1.96 (brs, 4H) 34

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.71 (s, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.07 (m,3H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 5H), 7.03-7.00 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.27 (m,7H), 2.45-2.39 (m, 10H), 0.99-0.94 (m, 6H) 35

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.64 (s, 1H), 11.86 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.07 (m,2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.48 (m ,5H), 7.09-7.03 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.45 (m,7H), 2.50-2.47 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H) 36

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.59 (s, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),8.05-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.72-7.67 (m, 2H),7.58-7.53 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H) 37

LCMS m/z 538.65 (M + H) 38

LCMS m/z 522.61 (M + H) 39

LCMS m/z 536.64 (M + H) 40

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.60 (s, 1H), 10.76 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H),7.65 (s, 1H), 6.96 (dd, 1H, J = 7.9, 8.4 Hz), 6.75 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz),3.92-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.04-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.35 (m,3H), 2.32-2.15 (m, 7H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H),1.78-1.64 (m, 6H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 2H) 41

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.68 (s, 1H), 12.61 (s, 1H), 10.93 (s, 1H),8.18 (s, 1H), 8.03-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.78-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H),7.32-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.89 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.64-2.60 (m,4H), 2.50-2.48 (m, 6H), 0.99-0.96 (m, 6H) 42

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.80 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H),7.68 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.19 (m ,2H), 7.04-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.80-6.74 (m, 2H),3.84-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.22 (m, 3H), 2.78-2.53 (m, 6H), 2.50-2.36 (m,2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.01 (brs, 6H) 43

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.66 (s, 1H), 10.79 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H),8.34 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.99 (brd,1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.77 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.58 (t, 1H, J = 4.6 Hz),4.90-4.80 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.69 (m,1H), 2.56-2.44 (m, 6H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.89- 1.78 (m, 2H),1.72-1.55 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 6H, J = 7.0 Hz) 44

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.62 (s, 1H), 12.60 (s, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H),8.14 (s, 1H), 8.02-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H),7.37-7.32 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.87 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.33 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.48 (m,4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H) 45

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.66 (s, 1H), 10.77 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H),7.67 (s, 1H), 7.38 (t, 1H, J = 5.6 Hz), 6.96 (brd, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.75(d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 4.43-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.23 (m,4H), 2.98-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.55- 2.38 (m, 8H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H),2.30-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.64 (m, 6H), 1.48-1.15 (m, 2H),0.96 (t, 6H, J = 7.2 Hz) 46

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.60 (s, 1H), 10.77 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H),7.65 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.75 (brd, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz),4.43-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.38 (m, 4H), 3.04-2.90 (m,2H), 2.56-2.20 (m, 8H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3h),2.00-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.48-1.18 (m, 2H) 47

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.64 (s, 1H), 10.88 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H),8.00 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d,1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.85 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 4.44-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.91(m, 2H), 3.52-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.48 (m, 6H), 2.44(s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.06- 1.89 (m, 4H), 0.97 (t, 6H, J = 7.0 Hz) 48

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.64 (s, 1H), 11.06 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H),8.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz), 7.75-7.45 (m, 6H), 7.00 (d, 1H, J= 9 Hz), 3.39-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.45 (m, 10H), and 0.97 (t, J = 7.5Hz). 49

LCMS m/z 524.5 (M + H) 50

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.64 (s, 1H), 11.14 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H),8.12-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.48 (m, 4H),7.03-7.01 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.54-2.45 (m, 10H), 0.99-0.95 (m,6H)

Example 51 Production of(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide

To a solution of No (40 mg, 0.079 mmol) in DMF/H₂O (3 ml/1 ml) was addedPd(PPh₃)₄ (9.1 mg, 0.008 mmol), 5-phenylthiophene-2-boronic acid (23 mg,0.095 mmol) and potassium carbonate (33 mg, 0.237 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at 110° C. for 1 hour under microwave irradiation. The mixturewas extracted with CHCl₃, and the organic layer was washed with H₂O,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to give(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (10 mg) as yellow solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.70 (s, 1H), 11.20 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),8.07-8.11 (m, 3H), 7.79-7.90 (m. 2H), 7.39-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.02 (m, 1H),3.25-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.4-2.6 (m, 10H), 0.95-0.99 (m, 6H); MS m/z 540.69(M+H).

Examples 52 to 55

Reactions and treatments were carried out in the same manner as inExample 1 using the corresponding starting material compounds, therebygiving the compounds of Examples 52 to 55 shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Ex- am- ple structure Spectral data 52

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, δ) 13.24 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.89 (t, 1H, J =3.3 Hz), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.58 (t, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.41-7.27 (m, 4H),6.91-6.82 (m, 1H), 3.62 (brs, 2H), 2.93-2.82 (m, 6H), 2.62-2.36 (m, 6H),1.18-1.15 (m, 6H) 53

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, δ) 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.92(d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.65-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.08 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.59(t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.99-2.88 (m, 6H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 1.22(t, 6H, J = 7.2 Hz) 54

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.64 (s, 1H), 11.07 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H),8.23 (s, 1H), 7.96-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.42 (m ,4H),6.97-6.94 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.40 (m, 10H), 0.99-0.95 (m,6H) 55

300 MHz ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ) 13.65 (s, 1H), 11.25 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H),7.75 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.27-7.21 (m, 3H),6.91-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.75 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.34-3.28 (m, 4H),2.55-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 0.99-0.97 (m, 6H)

Example 56 Production of(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide

To a solution of No (31 mg, 0.068 mmol) in DMF/H₂O (0.75 ml/0.25 ml) wasadded Pd(PPh₃)₄ (15.9 mg, 0.014 mmol), 5-phenylfuran-2-boronic acid (17mg, 0.090 mmol) and potassium carbonate (14 mg, 0.100 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour under microwave irradiation. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reversephase column chromatography (H₂O/CH₃CN) to give(Z)—N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-5-((2-oxo-5-(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)indolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide(12 mg) as an orange solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.76-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.55 (d, 1H, J=9.9 Hz),7.45-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.27-7.24 (m, 3H), 6.91 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.72 (d,1H, J=3.3 Hz), 6.67 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 3.57 (brs, 2H), 2.71 (brs, 4H),2.58 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.11 (brs, 6H).

Test Example 1 Biological Assays

Compounds of the present invention can be tested according to theprotocol described.

Cell Culture: FaDu (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) was maintained in Dulbecco'sModified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplementedwith 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gemini Bio-Products, West Sacramento,Calif.) and 5% penicillin/streptomycin/amphotercin B (Invitrogen).

Cell Viability Determination: For colony formation assay, cells wereplated in 6 well plates at 2000 cells per well. Twenty-four hours afterplating, cells were treated with compound. Colonies were allowed todevelop for 7-10 days, at which they were stained with modified Giemsastain (Sigma). Stained colonies were then counted to determine ICso.

Western Blot Analysis: Cultured cells were harvested and lysed inwhole-cell extract buffer (50 mM Tris-HcL pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1.0%NP-40, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM sodium orthovanadate, IX protease inhibitorcocktail (Roche)) by incubation for 30 minutes on ice. Soluble proteinswere separated by centrifugation at 13,000×g in a microcentrifuge, andsupernatants were stored at −70° C. Proteins were separated by sodiumdodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis andtransferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Biorad, Hercules,Calif.) by electroblotting.

CSC isolation with surface markers: Sorting tumor cells based primarilyupon the differential expression of the surface marker(s), such as CD44or CD133, have accounted for the majority of the highly tumorigenic CSCsdescribed to date. CD44^(high) cells were isolated by FACS according tothe methods described in Ponti et al, with slight modification [Ponti,D., et al, Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breastcancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res, 2005.65(13); p. 5506-11.], Briefly, after trypsinization and recovery ofcells for 30 minutes at 37° C. in growth media, cells were pelleted at400×g and were resuspended in PBS with 2% FBS and ImM EDTA at 1×10⁶cells/mL. Cells were then incubated on ice with a 1:100 dilution ofCD44-FITC (BD Biosicences, San Diego, Calif.) for 15 minutes.Alternatively, CD24-PE (BD Bioscences, San Diego, Calif.) (1:100) wasutilized for negative selection.

After washing three times, cells were resuspended at 2×10 VmL and passedthrough a 40 .mu.M mesh before sorting.

Sphere assay: A reliable method of measuring the self-renewal capacityof cell population if the ability to be cultured as spheres in theabsence of serum or attachment. CD44^(high) FaDu cancer stem cells werecultured in ultra low attachment plates in cancer stem cell media(DMEM/F12, B27 Neurobasal supplement, 20 ng/ml EGF, 10 ng/rnl FGF, 4.mu.g/ml insulin, and 0.4% BSA) to allow spheres formation. Typically,sphere formation was evaluated by microscopy after 10-14 days in cultureand spheres with >50 cells were scored.

TABLE 5 colonyformation sphere Example IC₅₀ (μM) IC₅₀ (μM) 4 6.3 0.6 63.6 0.3 7 1.8 0.6 9 3.8 1.3 10 5.4 3 12 24 >50 30 >100 8.9 31 3.7 0.2 320.5 0.05 33 2.5 1.7 38 6.2 2 42 1.9 1.3 43 6.5 1.9 45 22 >50 47 6.2 9.1

As shown in Table 5, compounds of present invention show a potentinhibitory acidity for sphere formation of CSC.

Test Example 2 Solubility

Compounds of the present invention can be tested according to theprotocol described.

A solution of compounds (10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide, 2 μL) was dilutedwith 50% acetonitrile (198 μL), and this solution was used as a standardsolution. On the other hand, a solution of compounds (10 mM indimethylsulfoxide, 15 μL) was transferred to a 96 well plate, thensolvent was removed in vaccuo. Dimethyl sulfoxide (3 μL) was added todissolve a residual solid, and then buffer solution (pH7.4 or 1.2, 300μL) was added. The mixture was vigorously stirred for 90 min, then leaveit for 16-20 h. An insoluble material was removed, then the solution wasanalyzed by HPLC. The concentration of compound, which was correspondingto a solubility of the compound, was determined by the comparison witharea value between sample and the standard solution.

TABLE 6 pH 1.2 pH 7.4 Example (mg/mL) (mg/ml) 12 >0.2000 >0.200026 >0.2000 <0.0005 41 0.186 0.0003 42 >0.2000 0.011 43 0.163 0.0004 480.147 <0.0003 49 0.109 0.013 50 0.154 0.007 51 >0.2000 <0.0005 52 0.1630.004 53 >0.2000 0.061 55 0.043 0.0005

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A compound of formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofis useful a CSCPKs inhibitor to inhibit, reduce or diminish cancer stemcell survival and/or proliferation in a mammal. A compound of formula(1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is also useful ananti cancer agent.

1. A compound of formula 1:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁ is optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heteroalicyclic; R₂ ishydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, or optionallysubstituted aminocarbonyl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen,halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substitutedalkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, optionallysubstituted aminocarbonyl, or the following group:

(wherein X is optionally substituted five membered heteroaryl oroptionally substituted heteroalicyclic, R_(8a) is optionally substitutedaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic, R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each independently hydrogen,alkyl, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, oroptionally substituted heteroalicyclic, and n is the integral 0 to 2),R₅ is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino,optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, or the followinggroup:

(wherein Y is optionally substituted five membered heteroaryl (providedthat the five membered heteroaryl is not the following group:

wherein R_(9a) is same as the above definition), R_(9a) is optionallysubstituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionallysubstituted heteroalicyclic, R_(9b) and R_(9c) are each dependentlyhydrogen, alkyl, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl,and m is the integral 0 to 2), and at least one of R₃, R₄ and R₅ is thefollowing group:

(X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c) and n are same as the above definition), orthe following group:

(Y, R_(9a), R_(9b), R_(9c) and m are same as the above definition); R₆is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, amino, optionallysubstituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substitutedamino, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkyl carbonyl, or optionally substituted aminocarbonyl; and R₇ ishydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substitutedcycloalkyl.
 2. The compound according to claim 1, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, R₁ is optionally substituted heteroaryl, oroptionally substituted heteroalicyclic, wherein the heteroaryl isselected from the group consisting of pyrrole, furan, thiophene,pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, indole, andpyrrolopyridinone, and heteroalicyclic is selected from the groupconsisting of pyridone, pyrrolidine, and piperidine.
 3. The compoundaccording to claim 2, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁ isoptionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic, wherein heteroaryl is pyrrole, or pyrrolopyridinone,and heteroalicyclic is pyridone.
 4. The compound according to anyone ofclaims 1-3, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the substituentof optionally substituted heteroaryl and optionally substitutedheteroalicyclic in R₁ is one or more substituent(s) selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted alkoxy carbonyl,optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, or optionally substitutedaminocarbonyl.
 5. The compound according to anyone of claims 1-4, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁ is one of the groupselected from the following group:

(wherein R₁₀ is hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino).
 6. The compoundaccording to claim 5, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁₀is hydroxy, mono-substituted alkyl amino (said alkyl is substituted bydi-substituted alkyl amino, or heteroalicyclic), piperazynyl,homopiperazynyl or morphorinyl.
 7. The compound according to claim 6, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₁₀ is hydroxy, ethyl amino(said ethyl is substituted by di-ethyl amino, 1-pyrrolidino), or4-piperazinyl (said piperazinyl is substituted with alkyl).
 8. Thecompound according to claim 7, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R₁₀ is hydroxy, 2-(di-ethyl amino)ethyl amino, 2-pyrrolidinoethyl amino, 4-methyl piperazinyl or morpholino.
 9. The compoundaccording to anyone of claims 1-8, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R₂ is hydrogen, or optionally substituted alkoxy carbonyl. 10.The compound according to claim 9, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R₂ is hydrogen.
 11. The compound according to anyone of claims1-10, or pharmaceutically salt thereof, R₃ and R₄ are each independently1: hydrogen, 2: halogen, 3: cyano, 4: nitro, 5: hydroxy, 6: alkyl. 7:alkoxy, 8: amino, 9: alkylcarbonyl, 10: alkoxycarbonyl, 11:aminocarbonyl, and 12: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition), wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl are optionally substituted with one ormore substitutent(s) selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl,(b) alkenyl, (c) alkynyl, (d) hydroxy, (e) amino, (f) nitro, (g) cyano,(h) halogen, (i) alkoxy, (j) alkylcarbonyl, (k) alkoxycarbonyl, (l)aminocarbonyl, (m) aryl, (n) heteroaryl, (o) cycloalkyl, and (p)heteroalicyclic).
 12. The compound according to claim 11, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₃ and R₄ are eachindependently 1: hydrogen, 2: halogen, 3: alkyl(said alkyl is optionallysubstituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the groupconsisting of (a) alkyl, (b) alkenyl, (c) alkynyl, (d) hydroxy, (e)amino, (f) nitro, (g) cyano, (h) halogen, (i) alkoxy, (j) alkylcarbonyl,(k) alkoxycarbonyl, (l) aminocarbonyl, (m) aryl, (n) heteroaryl, (o)cycloalkyl, and (p) heteroalicyclic) 4: the following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition).
 13. The compound according to claim 12, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, orthe following group:

(wherein X, R_(8a), R_(8b), R_(8c), and n are same as the abovedefinition).
 14. The compound according to anyone of claims 1-13, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, X is pyrrole, furan,thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole,isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine,azepane, tetrahydrofuran, oxane, or oxepane.
 15. The compound accordingto claim 14, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, X is pyrrole,furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole,isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole.
 16. The compoundaccording to claim 15, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, X isthiophene, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, or oxadiazole. 17.The compound according to claim 16, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, X is pyrazole, thiazole, or oxazole.
 18. The compound accordingto claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R_(8a), R_(8b)and R_(8c) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, cyano,amino, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, or pyridyl.
 19. Thecompound according to claim 18, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R_(8a), R_(8b) and R_(8c) are each dependently hydrogen, alkyl,phenyl, or pyridyl.
 20. The compound according to claim 1, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, n is the integra
 0. 21. Thecompound according to claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, X is selected from the group consisting of the following group:

R_(8a) is piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl (said piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl,thiophenyl pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl areoptionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro,alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl), andR_(8b) is alkyl.
 22. The compound according to claim 1, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen. 23.The compound according to claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R₅ is selected from the group consisting of the followinggroup:

R_(9a) piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, or pyridyl (said piperidinyl, pyranyl, phenyl, thiophenyl,pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl are optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy,alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl). and R_(9b) is alkyl.24. The compound according to claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, R₆ is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionallysubstituted amino, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionallysubstituted alkylcarbonyl, or optionally substituted aminocarbonyl. 25.The compound according to claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, R₇ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl.
 26. Apharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.